Find the Key to CSD!

Copper Storage Disease (CSD) is a condition caused by an abnormal accumulation of copper in the dog's liver, which leads to progressive damage and scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). This condition may be secondary to a primary disease or the result of genetic-based abnormal copper metabolism. High liver copper levels can be toxic and lead to changes that compromise normal liver function. If left untreated, the symptoms can progress from hepatitis to liver failure. The Dalmatian is one of several breeds that may accumulate high amounts of copper in the liver. The disease has been shown to be genetic in origin in many different breeds, and there is already anecdotal evidence that genetics plays a role in the Dalmatian as well. To date, we do not yet have a complete understanding of the mode of transmission or the specific genetic defect involved in abnormal copper metabolism for the Dalmatian.

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The current study funded by the Dalmatian Club of America Foundation through the AKC Canine Health Foundation hopes to define how the disease is transmitted as well as the Dalmatian specific genetic defect. One of the researchers involved with this study, Dr. David Twedt has published several papers on hepatic copper toxicosis in the Dalmatian that will provide additional resources for you and your Veterinarian.

A routine blood test can detect increased levels of liver enzymes indicating there is a problem with the liver. However, the blood tests cannot determine if the problems with the liver are due to increased copper levels. Diagnosis and differentiation from other types of liver disease can only be achieved by taking a liver biopsy and quantifying the copper levels in that sample. Once there is a confirmed diagnosis of Copper Storage Disease the treatment to reduce copper levels and prevent additional buildup is necessary. Early disease detection with treatment which includes a low copper diet improves the outcome for an affected dog.

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CSD affects a small percentage of Dalmatians, but research has shown that it crosses many breeding lines so could occur with almost any. If not diagnosed and treated early, it can be fatal. For these reasons, DCAF has invested heavily in ongoing research to identify the Dalmatian specific genetics that cause it and develop a test to identify carriers and/or affected dogs. If successful, this will be an invaluable tool for breeders to use to help minimize the incidence of the disease in our breed.